Nzira yekukura fodya - chii chaunoda kuti uwane fuma yakawanda?

Chero chero chimiro chebindu chinoda kuti munhu awane nzira yekuwana kukohwa kwakanaka. Kunyange vanhu vanoziva nzira yekukura fodya vanogona kuita zvikanganiso pavanosarudza nzvimbo panzvimbo yacho kana kuti nguva yakawanda yekudiridza, iyo ichazochinja hutano hwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa.

Ndeipi rudzi rwefodya kukura?

Iyi simiti inogona kuva yekusingaperi kana gore negore. Iyo ndeyomhuri yeSolanaceae uye inorimwa kuti ibudise kusvuta michina yakasvibirira - mashizha akaomeswa uye ivhu rinoshandiswa pakuzadza fodya uye mapaipi. Musati matyara zvakakosha kuita sarudzo, rudzi rwepi fodya ruri nani mukukura, ruchibva pane zvarwo:

1. Fodya is rustic. Makurukka anowanzodikanwa, sezvaanodanwawo, anowedzera kusvika masendimita 120 uye anowedzera kaviri nicotine kupfuura mhandara dzakasiyana siyana. Maruva eChitsuwa ane corolla nehupfupi pfupa uye akapoteredza lobes. Muchikwata chepakati uye kumaodzanyemba, makorka akakura kubva muzana remakore rechi19, kubva pamazuva ekutanga anotonhora kusvika pakupera kwekupedzisira. Mhando dzemhando iyi - Ostrolist 316, Samsun 85, Turkish, Durman.
2. Fodya imhandara. Iyo inonziwo "fodya chaiye" (Nicotiana tabacum) nokuti chokwadi chayo chinowanzosimba. Chinhu chakakosha zvikuru chinoratidzira kuti kukura sei zvakasiyana-siyana zvefodya zvechikamu chinotaridzirwa kuti chiri chepamusoro chetemophilic properties. Shoots iye achapa chete munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakanyorova kana kupisa kwezhizha. Izvi zvinosanganisira "Jubilee Itsva 142", "Trapezond 92", "Trapezond Kubanets" uye "Pehlets".

Kudyara fodya

Imwe zana ye hekita renyika inogona kuunganidza kusvika kune makirogiramu makumi mana efivha zvinhu zvakagadzirwa, zvichipiwa kuti muvhareji wepamusoro anodya makirogiramu 8 chete pagore. Kudyara kwefodya nekuitarisira kunoitwa, zvichienderana nemhando yekudyara. Izvo zvave zvichinyatsogadziriswa kuti kana yakasimwa zvakananga muvhu, chimiro ichi chakanyanyiswa zvishoma mukukura uye chinobereka chibereko chakaregererwa. Nokudaro, fodya inodyarwa kuburikidza nemicheu sezvinotevera:

1. Fodya yezvirimwa inodyarwa kutanga-pakati peFebruary kumba. Pamberi peizvi, mbeu idzi dzakanyoroveswa mumvura kwezuva, umo iwe unogona kuwedzera potassium permanganate kuti uise mweya iyo mbeu.
2. Mbeu dzinoshambidzwa 2-3 nguva uye dzakaoma.
3. Iyo ivhu inowedzera zvakasununguka, sezvo zvichibvira kukura fodya chete muvhu rakazara ne oksijeni.
4. Mubhokisi kana peat pots 4-5 cm yevhu inodururwa, asi kudzika kwekumwa kwembeu hakufaniri kudarika 0.5 cm.
5. Mushure mekudyara mbeu, inosaswa nepasi uye yakawandisa mvura. Bhokisi iri rakafukidzwa nefirimu: mashizha pasi payo achaonekwa kwemazuva 6-10, zvichienderana nekupisa kwemweya muimba.
6. Sezvakakosha, ivhu rinodururwa kuitira kuti risvike pamashizha e-cotyledon, zvisinei kuti zvinomera zvichafa.

Urongwa hwokudyara fodya

Muchidimbu chero ipi zvayo yematokari - iyo yakagadzirirwa kuiswa kwemigwagwa kuitira nyore kudiridza, kusunungura kana kudyara kana zvichidikanwa. Kudyara fodya muvhu rakazaruka panzvimbo iyi kunofanira kugadziriswa kwezvose zvataurwa pamusoro apa. Kune nzira mbiri dzekuronga mabhedha:

1. Kusimudzirwa. Kudzidza nekukura zvishoma kunogona kudyarwa mumagadziro emichindwe mumabhokisi mabheji ane mabheji emvura mukati. Iyi sarudzo yakakodzera kukura munguva yechando, kana uronga kukohwa kaviri pagore.
2. Hora. Iyo tsika inogadzirirwa muvhu rakavhurwa haifaniri kunge yakasvibiswa, nekuti kudyara kwefodya mu flowerbeds hakushandisi nenzira inoshandisa nzvimbo yenyika. Mitsara yakarurama inogona kugoverwa ne grooves kuti iite kuti mvura iwedzere.

Kureba kwekudyara fodya

Kuparidzirwa kwemaitiro emashure mushure mokukura kunosarudzwa zvichienderana necheji iyo ndeyake. Usati wakura mbeu dzefodya, unofanirwa kusarudza nzvimbo iri pakati pemasvingo, nokuti akagadzirira kare. Muchikwata ivo vanonyatsocheneswa nemasora uye vanobatanidzwa ne-organic additives ne potassium uye magnesium. Mumahombekwi echinyakare anoiswa muvhu mune imwe yemhando mbiri:

1. 70x100 cm Iyi kureba pakati pezvirimwa inofungidzirwa zvakakwana kune mhandara dzakasiyana dzakaratidzwa nekukura nesimba. Vane midzi midzi yakasimba, inowanzoswededza kumira, iyo inogona kudzivirirwa nekuwedzera kureba pakati pemiganhu.
2. 50x30 cm Tuber marudzi akasiyana-siyana ndiwo deterministic, saka miitiro yavo yakakwana yakakwana 50 cm pakati pemitsara uye 30 cm pakati pemiti.

Nguva yekudyara kwefodya inotapira

Mbeu inofanira kuendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo kana iripo kakatova 3-4 mashizha chaiwo pachigadziko. Kazhinji, nguva yemuti panguva ino ndeyemazuva makumi mana nemashanu. Mashizha ako fodya anogona kuwanikwa nokuendesa mbeu kumunda pazera remakore makumi matatu, sezvinoitwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAmerica. Nguva chaiyo yekudyara fodya inotaridzirwa kuongorora nzvimbo yekukura:

1. Mumaodzanyemba, kutanga kwemazuva inokubvumira kuti iwe uite kukokwa zvakare musi waMarch 2-3. Kutanga kutsamwa simiti hazvidiwi.
2. Muchikwata chepakati, fodya yakasimwa pamichero gare gare ndokuendeswa kunzvimbo yakazaruka kumavira kwaMay - kutanga kwaApril.
3. Munharaunda dzinotonhora, fodya inogona kukura mumiti inotonhorera inopisa, kubvisa kusungirirwa kwenguva yekuisa kune rimwe zuva nekuda kwemamiriro akaenzana.

Mamiriro ezvinhu ekukura fodya

Zivo yechirongwa chekudyara uye kuchengetedza michero haikwani kuwana kukohwa kwakakwana. Chimwe chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pamusoro pekugadzirisa kwemashizha inopiwa nehutungamiri hwekukura nekubvisa mashizha ane chirwere uye akafa, nguva inobviswa maruva. Hazvina mhosva kuti munhu angada sei kusvuta fodya mumugwagwa wemumhenderekedzo yemuguta ane zvishoma zvishoma, kune mamiriro ezvinhu asingakwanisi kurambwa:

1. Humidity. Kana kudiridza kusakwanika nekuda kwemazhizha akaoma, humidifiers kana nebulizers vanoiswa mumunda. Vadzidzisi veminda, vane chivimbo chekuraira fodya, vanopedza mari yakawanda pakuisa zvigadzirwa zvakadaro, asi varimi vasina ruzivo havagoni kufungidzira kuti kunya mvura kunokosha sei juiciness uye zvinonhuwira zvemashizha.
2. Growth correction. Stephens uye buds zvinofanira kubviswa, kuitira kuti majisi ose aende kukura kweshizha. Fodya inotanga kubvaruka kubva pasi pegwenzi, saka inogona kurarama nyore kusvika kusvitsa shanu dzemashizha. Kana mamwe acho akaparara, anobviswa panguva yekukohwa.

Icho kutonhora kwekukura kwefodya

Panzvimbo imwe neimwe yekusimwa kwemiti, inoda humwe hutongi hwehurumende. Muvhu rakavhurika zvakaoma kutonga kubva kunze - somuenzaniso, panguva yekurima fodya yemuguta (makhorka) iri pakati nepakati. Saka varimi vanoedza kurongedza kushanduka kwekushisa kwekushandura kunofunga kuti:

• Mbeu dzinofanira kuderedzwa mushure mekugadziriswa pa20-22 ° C;
• kubudirira kwemashizha makuru anotanga pa25-28 ° C;
• Kupera kunopera apo kutonhora kunodonha kusvika 15-18 ° C.

Kukura fodya munyika - ivhu

MuCuba uye muAmerica, nyika yekudyara miche haitombotariswi nematareta, nekuti ivowo vanobatanidza ivhu. Iyo uko fodya inowedzera, fertilizer, kudiridza uye kuunganidza kunoitwa noruoko chete nokuda kwechikonzero chakafanana. Pa dacha unogona kudzokorora mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana nekugadzira mitsara yakakura kuitira kuti usatsika pasi pedyo nemiti kana uchifamba-famba mumunda. Kuchengetedza ivhu kunobatsira kutarisana nemitemo yakadaro:

1. Shandisa se humus fodya wegore rapera uye midzi yakasiyiwa mushure mekukohwa.
2. Kudzora pamusoro pehuwandu hweklorini muvhu. Kuwedzerwa kwaro kunowanikwa nekushandura kwemashizha pamashizha kunyange kana vari mumumvuri. Iwe unogona kuibvisa nayo nekuwedzera jecha kusvika kumusoro kwevhu uye wozosunungura.
3. Kucherechedza kuwedzera kwekurima. Nyika yekudyara inofanira kutora yakareba 20-25 cm.

Kutarisira fodya

Apo mbeu inosvika pakakwirira masendimita 25, inotanga kudiwa mumvuri kuti ipe mashizha chishuvo chakasimba uye kunhuvira kunonzwisisika. Mushure mokunge uchisvika muvhu, kuchengetwa kwefodya inonhuhwirira kunoshanduka: inoda kuvaka awning kana pokugara pamusoro pemabhedha kugadzira mumvuri mumazuva anopisa. Kuti zviite kuti zvive zvakavimbika, zvinokosha kuchengeta mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu:

1. Pamuganhu wemubhedha unofanira kuvharwa mapegi mana ekukwirira kwakakwana kuti akwanise kurema kuyerwa kwechigadziko chakagadzirwa nechembesa kana tambo.
2. Nguruve dzinofanirwa kunyorerwa kusvika pakadzika 5-7 cm zvishoma, saka haufaniri kufunga nezvekuraira fodya pasi petende nguva dzose.
3. Simbisa "makumbo" zvinogona kuwedzerwa nekubatsirwa nematombo kana marara, anodururirwa mugomba rekuiswa.
4. Pamatanda, mushure mokuzadzisa maitiro aya, chidimbu chemucheka kana mafirimu akajeka anowedzera pamusoro pehupamhi bwegomba.

Kukura fodya mumunda - kunwisa

Kusiyana nechokuti tsika iyi inoda kukurira kudiridza pakusima, inoda kukura mumvura isina mvura asi kwete dongo. Nekukosha kukuru inzira yekudiridza. Jet yemvura inotungamirirwa pasi pemidzi, inosvibisa uye inotungamirira kuchirwere ichi ne fungus. Mune mabhuku ose anotaura kuti ungare sei fodya yekutsva mumunda, zvinoratidzwa kuti inofanira kunwa mvura. Kushidzira nemhando yecheji shoma shoma kubva pfuti inoputika inoitwa kuitira kuti mvura isvike padhu uye mashizha.

Kuchengetedza mbeu dzefodya - kupfeka kwepamusoro

Midzi yemiti yacho yakasimba kwazvo zvokuti inoda kubwinya kwakadzika kwepamusoro, saka zvose zvinoedza zvinofanira kuitirwa kuwedzera kukura kwemashizha nekuwedzera nzvimbo yavo. Kukurima uye kudyara kwefodya kunoendeswa nekudiridza nekugadzirwa kwekuwedzera kwakatevera:

• phosphorus;
• ammonium nitrate ;
• shiri dzinonwisa;
• sulphate kana potassium chloride.

Kukura fodya munyika - zvirwere nezvirwere

Mukuwedzera kune zvinowanzoitwa fungal zvipembenene zvezvirimwa zvinosanganisa, pane zvimwe njodzi kune stem uye mashizha. Kunzwisisa nzira yekukura fodya fodya kana fodya pamusha, zvinokosha kukwanisa kuzvidzivirira kubva kumaronda uye dzimwe zvirwere zvakabatana. Pakati pavo, zvakanyanya kukuvadza ndezvi:

1. Black root rot. Iko kunobata michero mitsva, nekuda kweiyo zvinomera zvinowoma uye zvinopera, uye pamudzi wekuonekwa mavara madema-mavara.
2. Bronze yemamato. Chirwere chetamato micheche chinokanganisa fodya: pachigamba kuonekwa zvindori nemarc - maratidziro ekufamba kwenguva pfupi kufa.
3. Dry root rot. Murimi wega wega anonzwisisa kuti zvakaoma sei kukura fodya kana midzi yawo ichioma zvishoma nezvishoma. Dry rot wrinkles iwo, kuvhiringidza kutakura kwehutu nemiriro.
4. Mheto yemavara. Chirwere ichi chinokonzera tsvina, ichiita kuti chive chakaoma uye chinoputika. Nheyo yemiti yacho inosviba semhepo inonzi microorganism inova pasi pezita rokuti Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn.